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般要求有专门的装卸运输设备、宽阔的集装箱堆场和分类货物和拆装集装箱的集装箱货运站

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A.班轮运输特点:(1)班轮运输具有固定的船期、航线、停靠港和相对固定的运价;(二)班轮运费包括装卸费用,因此班轮港口装卸由船舶承担;(3)班轮载货数量相对灵活,托运人可以根据需要订舱,特别适合一般货物和集装箱货物的运输。

 

班轮运费。

 

班轮运费是班轮运价中规定的,包括基本运费和各种附加费。基本运费分为两大类:一类是传统的杂货运费;一类是集装箱费率。

 

航运

 

航运

 

食品杂货也按件计价或发货。散货和低值货物的运费由双方协商确定。

 

班轮运输有多种附加费,包括;超长附加费、超重附加费、自选卸货附加费、变更卸货附加费、燃油附加费、拥挤附加费、偏差附加费、中转附加费、直航附加费等。

 

集装箱运输费用除上述海运费外,还应包括相关服务费和设备使用费。

 

另外,如果不同的商品混在一个包裹里,班轮公司会收取运费。发货人未将毛重、体积以不同包装单独载明的,运费按较高运费的整票提单计算收取。托运人未单独规定毛重和体积的,运费也应当加收。

 

租船运输

 

租船就是租整艘船。租船成本比班轮低,而且可以选择直航,所以散货一般采用租船运输。租船有两种主要方式:航次租船和定期租船。

 

1. 预定的宪章。航次租船合同是以航次租船合同为基础的,又称航次租船合同。船舶应当按照租船合同约定的航次完成货物运输任务,并负责船舶的经营管理和航行中发生的一切费用。一般来说,航次租船的运费是根据所运货物的数量或者航次租船的金额来计算的。

 

双方的权利和义务由租船合同约定。在租船方式上,合同应明确船舶是否承担货物在港口的装卸费用。船舶不承担装卸责任的,应当在合同中约定装卸期限或者装卸费率,并相应支付滞期费和速遣费。承租人未在规定期限内完成装卸工作的。为了赔偿船舶因误期造成的损失,船舶应当支付一定的违约金,即滞期费。承租人提前完成装卸作业的,船舶应当向承租人支付一定的奖金,称为速遣费。通常速遣费是滞期费的一半。

 

定期租船。定期租船是指在一定时期内租船运输的方式。它也叫定期租船合同。在此期间,承租人可以在规定的航区内自行调度、控制船舶,但应当负担船舶营运过程中的各种费用,如燃油费、港口费、装卸费等。

 

码头分类编辑器

 

专门的码头

 

一种用于装卸特定类型货物及其方向的码头,与一般码头相对。如:煤炭码头、化肥(散装或袋装)码头、石油码头、集装箱码头等。码头设备固定,装卸机械化、自动化程度高,装卸效率高,码头容量大,管理方便。

 

集装箱码头

 

装卸集装箱的码头。一般要求有专门的装卸运输设备、宽阔的集装箱堆场和分类货物和拆装集装箱的集装箱货运站。由于集装箱可以将各种复杂的货物件与包装杂货形成标准化的统一,所以可以使用大型专用设备进行装卸、运输,以保证货物的装卸、运输质量,提高码头装卸效率。因此,目前世界上许多国家都十分重视食品杂货的集团化和集装箱化。

 

业主码头A. features of liner transport :(1) liner transport has fixed shipping date, route, port of call and relatively fixed freight rate; (2) the liner's freight includes handling expenses, so the liner's port handling shall be borne by the ship; (3) liner cargo quantity is relatively flexible, the shipper can book space according to needs, especially suitable for general cargo and container cargo transportation.

 

 

 

Liner freight.

 

 

 

Liner freight is stipulated in the liner freight rate, including basic freight and various surcharges. Basic freight is divided into two categories: one is the traditional freight of groceries; One is container rates.

 

 

 

shipping

 

 

 

shipping

 

 

 

Groceries are also priced or shipped per unit. Freight for bulk and low value goods shall be determined by the parties through negotiation.

 

 

 

Liner transport has a variety of surcharges, including; Extra length surcharge, extra weight surcharge, optional discharge surcharge, change discharge surcharge, fuel surcharge, congestion surcharge, deviation surcharge, transit surcharge, direct route surcharge, etc.

 

 

 

In addition to the above sea freight, the container transportation expenses shall include relevant service charges and equipment usage fees.

 

 

 

In addition, if different goods are mixed in one package, the liner company will charge the freight. If the shipper has not separately stated the gross weight and volume in different packages, the freight shall be calculated and collected on the basis of the higher freight bill of lading. If the shipper has not specified the gross weight and volume separately, the freight shall be added.

 

 

 

Charter transportation

 

 

 

To charter a ship is to charter the whole ship. Charter cost is lower than liner, and can choose direct shipping, so bulk goods generally use charter shipping. There are two main forms of charter: voyage charter and time charter.

 

 

 

1. Intended charter. Voyage charter party is based on voyage charter party, also known as voyage charter party. The ship shall complete the cargo transport in accordance with the voyage agreed upon in the charter party and shall be responsible for the operation and management of the ship and all expenses incurred during the voyage. Generally speaking, voyage charter freight is calculated according to the quantity of goods shipped or the amount of voyage charter.

 

 

 

The rights and obligations of both parties shall be stipulated in the charter party. In terms of chartering, the contract shall specify whether the ship shall bear the costs of loading and unloading the goods at the port. Where the ship is not liable for loading or unloading, the time limit or rate for loading or unloading shall be stipulated in the contract, and demurrage and dispatch money shall be paid accordingly. The charterer fails to complete the loading and unloading work within the prescribed time limit. In order to compensate the loss caused by the delay, the ship shall pay a certain penalty for breach of contract, that is, demurrage. If the charterer finishes the loading and unloading operation ahead of time, the ship shall pay a certain bonus to the charterer, which is called dispatch money. Usually despatch is half demurrage.

 

 

 

Time charter. Time charter refers to the mode of transport by chartering a ship for a certain period of time. It is also called a time charter party. During this period, the charterer may dispatch and control the ship within the prescribed navigation area by himself, but he shall bear all kinds of expenses in the operation of the ship, such as fuel fee, port fee, loading and unloading fee, etc.

 

 

 

Terminal classification editor

 

 

 

Special wharf

 

 

 

A pier for loading and unloading a particular type of cargo and its direction, as opposed to a general pier. Such as: coal terminal, fertilizer (bulk or bag) terminal, oil terminal, container terminal. Terminal equipment fixed, loading and unloading mechanization, high degree of automation, loading and unloading efficiency, terminal capacity, convenient management.

 

 

 

Container terminal

 

 

 

A terminal for loading and unloading containers. Special loading and unloading equipment, wide container yards and container freight stations for sorting and disassembling containers are generally required. Because the container can be all kinds of complex goods and packaging groceries form a standardized unified, so can use large special equipment for loading and unloading, transportation, to ensure the loading and unloading of goods, transport quality, improve the loading and unloading efficiency of the terminal. Therefore, at present, many countries in the world attach great importance to the collectivization and containerization of groceries.

 

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